Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Paris polyphylla Sm. revealed by SSR marker

Paris polyphylla Sm. is a vulnerable medicinal plant distributed in the Himalayan countries. This has numerous pharmacological benefits, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. The distribution, conservation status, traditional usage of this species are fairly known Nepal. However, its diversity population structure at molecular level unexplored. study analyzes, genetic 32 P. germplasms collected from Central, Eastern Western regions Nepal using 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. All SSR primers were polymorphic amplified 60 alleles ranging 50 bp to 900 bp. information content (PIC) value ranged 0 0.75. average observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected (He), Shannon's index (I), total (Ht) 0.63, 0.53, 0.92 0.32, respectively. variance (AMOVA) analysis, showed maximum variation 74% within individual only 26% among population. In STRUCTURE analysis two clusters formed where (EN) separated far Central (CWN), clustering was complete correspondence unweighted pair group method based on arithmetic (UPGMA) principle coordinate (PCoA) analysis. Furthermore, UPGMA PCoA, same or relatively similar geographic origin closer. These findings critical for developing policies, facilitating evolutionary research, sustainable utilization commercial cultivation pharmacologically important threatened species.